Lipid Panel

VLDL, or very-low-density lipoprotein, is a type of lipoprotein produced by the liver. It transports triglycerides, cholesterol, and other lipids through the bloodstream. VLDL is considered “bad cholesterol” because high levels can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, heart disease and stroke.

Your VLDL is at 25 mg/dl. The ideal range should be less than 22 mg/dl.

To lower high VLDL levels, you should focus on lifestyle changes, such as:

  • Following a healthy diet low in saturated fats and sugars. Last week, you consumed 180g of saturated fats and 500g of sugars.
  • Exercising more frequently and with better combinations of strength training and zone 2 cardio than your recent regimen
  • Lowering your weight to 178 pounds, using a structured weekly regimen of nutrition and exercise
  • Average at least 7.5 hours of sleep per night. Last week, you averaged 6.5 hours per night.

When your previous LDL sub-fractionation profile was submitted to your Lipidologist, he recommended additional testing.

Your next Lipidology appointment is scheduled for April 11, 2025.

You next LDL sub-fractionation testing i s scheduled for July 23, 2025.

Epigenetics

DunedinePACE Score is a DNA methylation-based biomarker that measures the pace of biological aging from a single blood test. Unlike traditional DNA methylation clocks, which estimate chronological age, DunedinPACE quantifies the ongoing rate of system decline across multiple organ systems, refelecting how quickly an individual is aging biologically.

DunedinPACE Pace of Aging Value: 0.97

Your DunedinPACE value of 0.97 means that for every 1 year you age chronologically, your pace of aging is 0.97 years biologically.

The person in the world with the lowest document DunedinPACE rate of aging has an average pace of 0.54.  That means this individual is aging biologically at nearly 50% of the rate as compared to their chronological aging.

Here are evidence-based strategies to reduce your DunedinPACE rate of aging:

  • Omega-3 supplementation: Taking 1g of omega-3 daily has been shown to modestly slow the pace of aging, including DunedinPACE, over three years.
  • Vitamin D supplementation: Combining 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily with omega-3 may provide additive benefits for other aging measures, though its effect on DunedinPACE alone is unclear.
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity, such as a simple home exercise program, can contribute to slowing biological aging and has additive effects when combined with omega-3 and vitamin D.
  • Caloric restriction: Long-term caloric restriction has demonstrated a 2–3% reduction in DunedinPACE, suggesting it can slow biological aging.
  • Healthy lifestyle: Avoid smoking, maintain a healthy weight, eat a nutrient-rich diet (low in processed foods and high in fruits/vegetables), get quality sleep, and manage stress.

These interventions may have small but meaningful effects on slowing biological aging when sustained over time.

What Does Your Rate of Aging Mean?

You want your rate of aging to be below one; this means you would have a slowed pace of aging. An average pace of aging would be a rate of 1 biological year for every chronological year aged.

DunedinPACE is associated with chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Within 7 years from testing those with a faster pace of aging are at a 56% increased risk of death and a 54% increased risk for diagnosis of a chronic disease.

Mortality

Those with faster DunedinPACE levels, which indicates faster aging, at baseline were at increased risk of death having a hazard ratio of 1.29. Hazard ratio represents an instantaneous risk, it is the relationship between the instantaneous hazards between accelerated DunedinPACE and mortality.

Morbidity

Those with a faster DunedinPACE baseline were at an increased risk for a new chronic disease, putting them at a hazard ratio of 1.19. Individuals with faster DunedinPACE experienced higher levels of chronic disease morbidity, which was measured as the count of diagnosed diseases (hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer).

Accelerated Aging Influences

Pace of aging typically increases across much of the adult lifespan. A faster DunedinPACE is the result of a lifetime of accumulated stress to the methylome. Childhood exposure to poverty and victimization is associated with faster DunedinPACE. Adolescents who grew up in families of lower socioeconomic-status and adolescents with exposure to multiple types of victimization exhibited faster DunedinPACE.